Food fortification includes biofortification, microbial biofortification and synthetic biology; commercial and industrial fortification, and home fortification. The several
types of FF are distinct because different techniques and procedures are used to fortify the target foods. Biofortification involves creating micronutrient-dense staple crops using traditional breeding techniques and/or biotechnology.Using biotechnology (genetic engineering) to biofortify staple crops is more modern and has gained much attention in recent years. The most popular example of this approach is the transgenic ‘Golden Rice’containing twice the normal levels of iron and significant amounts of beta-carotene . Microbial biofortification involves using probiotic bacteria (mostly lactic acid bacteria), which ferment to produce -carotene either in the foods we eat or directly in the human intestine. Commercial and industrial fortification involves fortifying commercially available products such as flour, rice, cooking oils, sauces, butter etc. with micronutrients and the process occurs during manufacturing. Home fortification consists of supplying deficient populations with micronutrients in
packages or tablets that can be added when cooking/consuming meals at home (basically a merger of supplements and fortification).