Cultural Theories, Models, and
Approaches
Leininger Leininger: First nurse cultural theorist from early : First nurse cultural theorist from early
1950s. She states it is for nursing only
Campinha Campinha-Bacote: basic simple model without : basic simple model without
com
p pp lex constructs but applicable to all
healthcare providers. Also has a Biblical based
model.
Giger and Davidhizar Davidhizar: Nursing only : Nursing only Purnell: For all health care providers and is an
example of a complexity and holographic
conceptual model with an organizing framework.