Law of segregation and law of independent assortment
Mendel’s first law is known as the law of segregation while his second law is known as the law of independent assortment.
Law of Segregation and Monohybrid cross
In modern terms, the law of Segregation is as follows : Each somatic cell of an individual carries two alleles at any one locus. The alleles of a gene pair segregated (separate) from each other during anaphase I of meiosis, which occurs during the formation of gametes. Half of the gametes carry one allele of a gene pair while the other half carry the other allele. This law is related to the separation of homologous chromosomes during anaphase I of meiosis.
The law of segregation was based on work involving monohybrid crosses. A monohybrid cross is one that is carried out between parents that differ in the alleles they possess for one particular gene; one parent having two dominant alleles and the other two recessive alleles. All the offspring (the monohybrids) have one dominant allele and one recessive allele for that gene,i.e. they are hybrid at that one locus. The law of segregation can be illustrated by the example below.
*meiosis (Greek) meiosis to diminish a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms resulting in gametes with half the chromosome number of the original cell
*monohybrid
(Greek) mono hybrid
Same zygote
*dihybrid cross
A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene
Homologous chromosomes heterozygous at the ‘A’ locus->prophase i->metaphase i->telophase I->metaphase ll->telophase ll
Figure 1.6 the law of segregation is related to the separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis l. the two alleles,A and a, are separated from each other during meiosis l. Half of the gametes contain the allele A while the other half contain the allele a