Coronary Heart Disease Awareness and Knowledge Questionnaire (Kayaniyil et al., 2009) was used to measure the cardiac knowledge; it was revised from the Cardiac Knowledge Questionnaire (Maeland & Havik, 1987) and the Coronary Heart Disease Knowl-edge (Smith, Hicks, & Heyward, 1991). Originally, this instrument consisted of 23 items measuring knowledge on pathophysiology, causes, risk factors, symptoms and treatment of CADs, and main cause of death in the United States. For this study, 20 items were utilized excluding the 3 items on the statistics of the main cause of death and experience on treat-ment modality, which were not congruent with the purpose of this study. Each correct answer scored one point and each incorrect answer scored zero point. A higher score indicates greater cardiac knowledge. The psychometric characteristics of this scale were established (Kayaniyil et al.).