Basque purse seiner fisheries are managed under a centralized regime via the Spanish State. This centralized regime is combined with self-management for quota pooling in the particular case of the blue fin tuna, and therefore the system can be best character- ized as co-management by partnership. A specific scheme is applied for the anchovy fishery, where daily limits are adopted and managed within the “cofradía” as self-management. Traditional top-down hierarchical management by the state is applied to the mackerel fishery. In this last case, fishermen’s behavior is subjected to strong control. For other fisheries regulations compliance contributes to the success of the management measures. Regarding Basque trawlers, the ITQ system comes from a centralized regime except for some issues. Pooling ITQs are organized within the corresponding PO under a self-management regime which contributes to the success of this fishery, with high
regulatory compliance by fishermen. Again, this system can be considered to be “co-management by partnership”.