as a protective coating in food, beverage and aerosol cans. It is also
present in alloys such as brass, bronze and pewter, and some welding
materials [1,4]. However, it is one of the elements least studied in regard
to human health, especially in relation to its presence in biological
indicators such as blood and urine [5].
Tin as well as other trace elements occurs naturally in soil at low
concentrations but in forms which are not readily available to humans
mostly [1,2]. However, some activities such as mining make the metal
available to the environment, contributing to the contamination of the
surrounding areas [6].
Exposure to Sn and its compounds can produce several effects
such as neurological, hematological and immunological. Inhalation
of iSn can induce to pneumoconiosis and ingestion may lead to gastrointestinal
effects. Exposure to oSn inhibits the synthesis of heme
oxygenase and may be genotoxic, while its skin contact may cause severe
irritation and burning. Other effects include kidney and liver
damage [1,3]. Studies on human health related to tin are still incipient
in the literature, in part due to the scarcity of experiments in biological
fluids of interest such as blood and urine [5].
Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) has
been widely used for the determination of trace elements in biological
fluids due to its lowlimit of detection, reduced sample volume and minimum
sample pre-treatment, saving time and reducing risks of loss or
contamination. In addition, other advantageous characteristics such as
selectivity, accuracy, precision, and accessibility make the technique
very attractive for such determinations [7–13].
as a protective coating in food, beverage and aerosol cans. It is alsopresent in alloys such as brass, bronze and pewter, and some weldingmaterials [1,4]. However, it is one of the elements least studied in regardto human health, especially in relation to its presence in biologicalindicators such as blood and urine [5].Tin as well as other trace elements occurs naturally in soil at lowconcentrations but in forms which are not readily available to humansmostly [1,2]. However, some activities such as mining make the metalavailable to the environment, contributing to the contamination of thesurrounding areas [6].Exposure to Sn and its compounds can produce several effectssuch as neurological, hematological and immunological. Inhalationof iSn can induce to pneumoconiosis and ingestion may lead to gastrointestinaleffects. Exposure to oSn inhibits the synthesis of hemeoxygenase and may be genotoxic, while its skin contact may cause severeirritation and burning. Other effects include kidney and liverdamage [1,3]. Studies on human health related to tin are still incipientin the literature, in part due to the scarcity of experiments in biologicalfluids of interest such as blood and urine [5].Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) hasbeen widely used for the determination of trace elements in biologicalfluids due to its lowlimit of detection, reduced sample volume and minimumsample pre-treatment, saving time and reducing risks of loss orcontamination. In addition, other advantageous characteristics such asselectivity, accuracy, precision, and accessibility make the techniquevery attractive for such determinations [7–13].
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
