Howkins (2010: 45) proposed four aspects of ecological thinking that are relevant to
creativity and innovation: diversity, change, learning and adaptation. Elements of this
quartet mutually enhance each other and apply to human behaviour and still more to
human belief. Howkins (2010: 46) claims that “evolution of ideas is a social construct
that works best as a metaphor” and asks to tread carefully: most of modern science is
considered as a metaphor whereas sometimes – e.g. for artists – abstraction is reality.
Here some ideas on proposed four elements (see Fig. 1).
FOUR ASPECTS OF
CREATIVE ECOLOGIES
Diversity Change Learning Adaptation
Imitation Communities Collaboration Competition
Fig. 1.