Low bone mass is a major risk factor for fractures. Ovariectomy significantly decreased trabecular structural parameters (Li et al. 2013). As showed in Fig. 1B, 12 weeks after ovariectomy, the total bone mineral density (BMD) of those OVX rats were declined by 7.4% in comparison to that of the Sham rats (P < 0.01). Administrated orally, the high dose of KN
(KH, 16 mg/kg) increased the BMD by 6.4% (p < 0.01). And in micro-CT experiments, as shown in Fig. 1C1–C5, the bone mineral content (BMC), tissue mineral content (TMC), tis- sue mineral density (TMD), bone volume fraction (BVF), trabecular number (Tb.N) and connectivity density (CD) value were significantly lower and the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) was higher in the OVX group than that of the Sham rats (Table S1). Both of KN and EV re- versed the above mentioned indices, preventing
OVX-induced trabec- ular bone microarchitectural deterioration and improving the bone
loss after 12 weeks administration.