Leguminous seeds, in which cell structures are preserved
after cooking (that is, bread with whole seeds); bean flour
with intact cells (Schweizer and others 1990); foods containing
large particles such as bread with whole seeds have lower physical
accessibility of starch to amylase action, and thereby contribute
to higher RS contents. In some foods, physically inaccessible
starch is likely to be an important fraction of the total starch that is
resistant to digestion in vivo. Schweizer and others (1990) found
evidence of 20% starch malabsorption from a diet containing
bean flour with intact cells. About half of the malabsorbed starch
was retrograded amylose. The precooked flours (PCF) prepared
from dried lentils and beans, rich in intact cells filled with starch
granules, indicated that they contained important quantities of RS,
such as retrograded amylose (3% to 9%, DM).