It is impossible to quantify the exact risk posed by climate
change. With particular reference to infectious diseases,
the impact depends on the complex interaction between the
human host population and the causative infectious agent.
Important human factors include crowding, food scarcity,
poverty, and local environmental decline. Some health effects
of climate change may result from indirect impacts on
natural ecosystems. For example, altered climatic conditions
can change the habitats of vectors such as mosquitoes or
rats and affect the parasites they carry. Changing the abundance
and geographic range of carriers and parasites could
shift the seasonal occurrence of many infectious diseases
and cause them to spread.
The effect of global warming depends heavily on the
ability of humans and public health systems to adapt. Human
migration and economic stresses from climate variability
could threaten human settlement and seriously overwhelm
the public health infrastructure. This scenario might be
worsened further by malnutrition due to crop failure. Facing
this complex threat makes interdisciplinary cooperation
among health professionals, climatologists, environmental
biologists and social scientists imperative to understand and
effectively manage this threat that could result from
global warming.
Renewed understanding of linkages between public
health and global life-support systems is emerging in the
literature (11). New collaborative efforts can confront these
tough challenges through advances in preventive medicine.
In much of the world, the current increasing life expectancy
is likely to be blunted by increased difficulty in accessing
basic requirements such as sanitation and potable water. The
direct and indirect impacts of climate change on human
health have a considerable toll on life, resources (natural and
financial) and working manpower. Altered environmental
influences would also mean courting environmental disasters
such as famines and floods. It known that non-vector-borne
infectious diseases—such as salmonellosis, cholera, and giardiasis—
can thrive under these circumstances (12). Thus,
the impact of climate change depends on several factors. Although
exact predictions are impossible, there are significant
areas of concern throughout the world (Table 1) (
It is impossible to quantify the exact risk posed by climate
change. With particular reference to infectious diseases,
the impact depends on the complex interaction between the
human host population and the causative infectious agent.
Important human factors include crowding, food scarcity,
poverty, and local environmental decline. Some health effects
of climate change may result from indirect impacts on
natural ecosystems. For example, altered climatic conditions
can change the habitats of vectors such as mosquitoes or
rats and affect the parasites they carry. Changing the abundance
and geographic range of carriers and parasites could
shift the seasonal occurrence of many infectious diseases
and cause them to spread.
The effect of global warming depends heavily on the
ability of humans and public health systems to adapt. Human
migration and economic stresses from climate variability
could threaten human settlement and seriously overwhelm
the public health infrastructure. This scenario might be
worsened further by malnutrition due to crop failure. Facing
this complex threat makes interdisciplinary cooperation
among health professionals, climatologists, environmental
biologists and social scientists imperative to understand and
effectively manage this threat that could result from
global warming.
Renewed understanding of linkages between public
health and global life-support systems is emerging in the
literature (11). New collaborative efforts can confront these
tough challenges through advances in preventive medicine.
In much of the world, the current increasing life expectancy
is likely to be blunted by increased difficulty in accessing
basic requirements such as sanitation and potable water. The
direct and indirect impacts of climate change on human
health have a considerable toll on life, resources (natural and
financial) and working manpower. Altered environmental
influences would also mean courting environmental disasters
such as famines and floods. It known that non-vector-borne
infectious diseases—such as salmonellosis, cholera, and giardiasis—
can thrive under these circumstances (12). Thus,
the impact of climate change depends on several factors. Although
exact predictions are impossible, there are significant
areas of concern throughout the world (Table 1) (
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