Prior to more recent discussions, the HRD research stream reflected much of the research literature on technology in organizations in that it often takes a perspective that either privileges humans or technology by focusing primarily on the effects of one entity upon the other (Orlikowski, 2007). Scholars in other disciplines have pointed out that conceptual approaches built on these limited perspectives can affect their utility for exploring novel, complex, and emergent phenomena involving technology and organizational life (Orlikowski, 2010).