Figure 4 | Flow structure and floater trajectories in the near field of the conical wave maker.
a, Top view of the 3 particle trajectories. The wave field corresponds to that in Figs. 3b.
Trajectory #1 illustrates a particle motion within a smaller vortex. Trajectory #2 shows an
outward propagating particle, while the trajectory #3 shows a particle travelling towards the
wave maker along the wave minima and then turning radially outward along the wave maxima.
b and c, are the same trajectories shown from different angles. d, Time averaged particle
trajectories near the wave maker (a cone is on top) show azimuthally periodic strong outward
radial jets (red arrows). Between these jets are counter-rotating stationary vortices. e, Velocity
field of this flow measured using particle image velocimetry method. f, Finite-time Lyapunov
exponent field visualizes regions of the largest divergence of adjacent Lagrangian trajectories in
the flow. Red lines mark the ridges of the maximum of the Lyapunov exponent. These lines
outline outward jets seen in d and e.