Although Israel is the only innovation
leader in the region, Armenia
and Jordan remain in the group of
innovation achievers (both are also
f lagged as innovation out performers;
see Chapter 2) and are joined by
Morocco this year, while Georgia
just falls out of this group. Morocco
has made a notable improvement of
eight places—another example of a
country putting in effort to improve
its innovation metrics. Improving
at the raw data level in expenditure
on education and government
expenditure on secondary education
per pupil are the main reasons for
Morocco’s progress in Human capital
and research, where it advances
from 64th to 56th. Conversely, its
improvement in Infrastructure is
linked to methodological changes
to the UN e-Government Survey
methodology questionnaire (variables
3.1.3 and 3.1.4).