A further analysis was conducted to assess the overall results of the TAM-based attitudinal questionnaire, using
one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. As shown in Table 3, the students learning with the group-based
format had a significantly higher level of acceptance about the vocabulary learning task than seen with the other
two groups (group-based > peer-exchange > self-practice; F = 118.9400; p < .001).