Estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council indicate that <18% of rural populations have access to sanitation services in developing countries (Massoud et al., 2009). As of 2010, the amount of domestic wastewater treated in Turkey is just 76% for discharged wastewater. The discharged wastewaters have been treated by using treatment methods such as advanced biological of 37.9%, bio- logical of 34.3, physical of 27.6%, and natural of 0.2% (TUIK, 2012).
Methods of improving the quality of water sources and dealing with domestic wastewater in rural areas have been an urgent concern for Turkey and other countries. The application of CWs has significantly expanded from traditional tertiary and secondary domestic sewage treatment to the treatment of agricultural effluents, industrial effluents, landfill leachate as well as urban and high way run off (Wu et al., 2013).
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