A design where a middle tier provides insulation between client and
server tiers. The middle tier can map data between the format provided by the server and the format needed by the client.
A prototype that is used to study some aspect of a system and is then
discarded.
In UML, a diagram that shows one or more objects’ changes in state over
time.
Someone whose job is to build tools for use by other developers.
A design process where you start with a high‐level statement of a problem
and then successively break the problem into more detailed and smaller pieces until the pieces are small enough to implement. Also called stepwise refi nement.