He accused Tokyo of using its national security as a pretext for military expansion.
The statement said Japan's security policy caused "great concerns" among neighbouring countries.
The announcement of more Japanese military spending came weeks after China established an air defence identification zone over a swathe of the East China Sea, including islands controlled by Japan.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe says he wants Japan to broaden the scope of activities performed by the military - something currently tightly controlled by the post-war constitution.