suPPLements and dietary Factors
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are popular over-the- counter supplements often taken in combination for OA symptoms. They have minimal side effects however, their efficacy remains controversial. Glucosamine is an amino sugar precursor for the synthesis of glycosylated proteins, lipids, and glycosaminoglycans, a major component of articular cartilage. Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan that is also a constituent of articular cartilage.The hydrocolloid properties of glycosaminoglycans enable cartilage to resist compression, and through partial absorption from the intestine, these supplements could supply a degenerative joint with the building blocks for restoring cartilage. However, evidence is lacking and trials have not consistently demonstrated a clinical benefit.