Leadership is often associated with individuals who have created change and
inspire others to overcome challenges, preferably for the better (Kotter, 1990, pp. 4-5).
Kotter describes three subprocess of leadership as "(1) Establishing direction (2)
Alligning People (3) Motivating and inspiring" (p. 5). He cautioned," People who think
of management as being only the implementation part of leadership ignore the fact that
leadership has its own implementation processes: aligning people to new directions and
the inspiring them to make it happen" (p. 5). Kotter stated the processes of leadership
take longer periods of time, they are focused on "the big picture, strategies that take
calculated risks, and people's values" (p. 6) and "inspiring focus on empowerment" (p.7).