Besides, the chain value, which is the basis of the competitiveness of a firm in a given industry, should be replaced in a larger flow of activities called the “Value System” (Exhibit 4). This value system includes the value chains of the firm’s supplier, the firm itself, the distributors, and the customers. The product goes from one value chain to another, becoming each time a means of production. The competitive advantage becomes more and more a function of the firm’s know-how in managing the global value system. So, it is up to the firm to create a competitive advantage by optimising and co-ordinating its existing external relationships. The chain value appears to be a useful valuator of the costs advantages since, to be sure to get this kind of advantage, the firm has to ensure the optimisation and the co-ordination of its activities. It also highlights the factors of differentiation, since the differentiation results of the way the products, the services affects the customers’ activity. Thus, the idea of value chain allows not only to analyse more deeply the different types of competitive advantage, but also to understand the role of the competitive scope on the acquisition of a competitive advantage. The competitive scope is very important since it is going to control the nature of all the activities within the enterprise, and the configuration of the value chain. The firm which chooses a narrow target is able to adjust precisely its performance to the needs of the segment: It has a superior potential to reduce its costs, and to practice a differentiation on the product compared to those which choose a large target. However, a larger target can allow a firm to reduce its cost through the economy of scale. To ensure a competitive advantage, the firm may choose a different competitive scope or a different segment than its competitors.