In agreement with our results, Cantore et al. (2004) reported that the Gramnegative
strains of bacteria, especially E. coli, have less sensitivity to
chamomile and fennel essential oils. Ozcan et al. (2006) found that
fennel essential oils exhibit an inhibitory effect against a wide range
of Bacillius species. Mimica-Dukic et al. (2003a,b) also reported that
the essential oils of fennel are active against Aspergillus species.
Ozcan et al. (2006) reported the antifungal activity of essential
oils from bitter fennel. As expected, fennel seed extracts offered
antimicrobial activity.