Because this study specifically looks at companies in the retail industry, a paper by Riordan (1998) is particularly relevant to this study. He looks at the surge in retail bankruptcies to identify the problems that caused the number of retail bankruptcies to increase suddenly the way they did. Riordan outlines recommendations for fixing the retail bankruptcy system and also offers stockholders with the challenge of finding capable management to try to turn around struggling companies in the retail industry. Many other studies have tried to predict bankruptcy in other industries, but very few papers in the extant literature examine bankruptcy prediction in the retail industry. Dietrich et al. (2005) attempt to predict financial failure in agricultural co-ops. Youn and Gu (2010) predict failure in the restaurant industry. Zaki et al. (2011) predict distress in banks. Ray (2011) predict corporate financial distress in the glass and glassware sector. Treewichayapong et al. (2011) predict bankruptcy for real estate firms, while Kim (2011) predicts hotel bankruptcy using various prediction methods.