Chromium is a potential carcinogen and often causes both short
term and long term adverse effects to humans, animals, and plants
[1]. Chromium is widely detected in surface water and groundwater,
and its levels in some wastewater are higher than the action
level of 0.1 mg/L [2]. Chromium in natural water exists in two stable
states, hexavalent [Chromium (VI)] and trivalent [Chromium (III)]. Chromium (VI) species
such as chromate (ChromiumO4
2−, HCrO4
−) and dichromate (Cr2O7
2−) are
highly soluble and mobile in aqueous solution and are of great
environmental concern.