Until the early 1980s Turkey was a fairly closed
economy. At that time – as part of more wide-ranging
economic reforms – the trade policy of protection and
import substitution was replaced by a much more
open trade regime (Togan, 2005). Policy changes in
1984 re-structured the economy and increased the
outward-orientation further in Turkey. The country
experienced a fundamental structural change and rapid
economic growth during the period 1984-1991