In addition, Spirulina requires relatively high pH values
between 9.5 and 9.8 (Belkin and Boussiba, 1971), which effectively
inhibits contamination by most algae in the culture. Production
of Spirulina with reduced costs is necessary when
considering large-scale cultivation for industrial purposes. The
cost of nutrients is considered the second major factors influence
the cost of Spirulina biomass production after labor (Vonshak,
1997). Zarrouk’s medium has successfully served as the standard
medium (SM) for Spirulina culture for many years