Granny Smith apples (Malus domestica Borkh ‘Granny Smith’) were purchased from a local supermarket. Apple polyphenol extract (APE) was purchased from Penglai Marine Biochemicals Ltd., Shandong, China, containing 770 mg oligoproanthocyanidins complex/
Granny Smith apples (Malus domestica Borkh ‘Granny Smith’) were purchased from a local supermarket. Apple polyphenol extract (APE) was purchased from Penglai Marine Biochemicals Ltd., Shandong, China, containing 770 mg oligoproanthocyanidins complex/