Even without considering ease-‐of-‐use difficulties or the challenges in teaching practitioners an entirely new bibliographic system, the fact remains that transitioning away from MARC toward any new bibliographic infrastructure system will require a great deal of resources, time and effort. “There are literally billions of records in MARC formats; an attempt at making the slightest move away from it would have huge implications in terms of resources.”42 Breeding also writes of the potential trauma involved in shifting away from MARC, which is currently integral to many library automation systems.43 A shift to anything else would require not just the cooperation of libraries but also of vendors, who may see no reason to create systems compatible with anything other than MARC. As Tennant writes, “Anyone who has ever been involved with migrating from one integrated library system to another knows, even moving from one system based on MARC/AACR2 to another can be daunting.”44 Moving from a MARC/AACR2-‐based system to one based on an entirely new framework may be more of a challenge than many libraries would like to take on.