Biosynthesis pathways of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA and oxidative metabolism of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid by carboxygenase (COX) and 5 Lipoxygenase pathways (LOX), where 5 HPETE denotes 5 hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 5HPEPE denotes 5 hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, d-6-d denotes delta-6 desaturase and d-5-d denotes delta-5 desaturase. A fatty acid notation represents total number of carbons: number of double bonds, position of the first double bond relative to methyl terminal of the hydrocarbon chain (adapted from San Giovanni and Chew, 2005; Simopoulos, 2010 with modification).