1. INCISION
♦ A midline abdominal incision is made from the pubic symphysis to approximately 5 cm cranial to the umbilicus.
♦ The midline fascia is divided with electrocautery. The peritoneum is elevated with tissue forceps, and after ensuring that no bowel is entrapped by the graspers, the peritoneum is incised sharply with a scalpel.
♦ For the perineal dissection, an elliptical incision is made 2 cm away from the closed anu