The health of more than seven million people was found to be at risk from mining locations globally. This risk was posed by 131 ASGM and 275 industrial mining and ore processing locations in 45 different countries. The investigation instrument, the ISS, captured data at each site in a uniform way, allows for comparison between different types of sites.This outcome is in part due to a focus on heavy metals that often result from mining. It is also due in part to a significant increase in mining activity in recent years. Importantly, however, mining and ore processing industries generate very large amounts of waste material that require attentive management and oversight (Lottermoser 2010).In the case of low-and medium-income countries, which are characterized by small tax bases and relatively weak governments..