Where, f = resonant frequency in MHz, d = distance covered by the radio waves in km, P T = transmitter power output in dBm, PR = received power, GT and GR = transmit and receive antennas gain in dBi respectively, LT = Transmission line loss between transmitter and transmit antenna in dB, LR = transmission line loss between receiver input and receive antenna in dB. The free space attenuation (FSA), A is then determined from the expression given as: