The Gossypium (cotton) genus is cultivated for their valuable production of elongated single-celled fibres initiated from ovule epidermal cells, which sustain one of the world’s largest textile industries textiles economically. Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is widely grown in the People’s Republic of China, the United States, Australia, India, Pakistan and other countries in Central Asia and South America for its high yield and good fibre quality that contributed to over 90% of world’s cotton lint production, and allotetraploidy with 52 chromosomes (AADD, 2n=4x=52) has very complex genome of about 2.4 Gb derived of paleopolyploidy to increase 5–6-fold ploidy. The value of cotton depends on the fibre (lint) enriched by cellulose. The developmental programme of cotton fibre is highly susceptible to environmental factors in long span from single cells initiation, elongation to maturity, certainly mainly regulated by endogenous genes perhaps involved thousands of genes.