these patients. Thus other potential determinants of quality of
life should be explored.
From a clinical perspective, we conclude that quality of life
ought to be specifically assessed to provide better monitoring
of patients with congestive heart failure, as it cannot be
extrapolated from routine clinical variables. The treatment of
non-physical aspects of chronic disease should be considered
as part of the management of congestive heart failure, in order
to reduce anxiety, depression, and disturbances of social function.
The routine use of the SF-36 might help to identify
patients who need further help to improve their quality of life.