Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart
malformation and can be detected during the prenatal and postnatal
period, in childhood, and in adulthood. Spontaneous closure of VSD
can be determined through a variety of methods—echocardiography,
Doppler color flow imaging, angiography, auscultation, and cardiac
catheterization—and can be proven by pathological evidence at necropsy.
There are two major types of VSD, membranous and muscular, as
well as the perimembranous variety, which comprises variable portions of
the adjacent muscular septum but lacks the membranous septum. VSD
appears either as an isolated cardiac defect without other abnormalities
or with several complex malformations. It has long been recognized
that VSD can close spontaneously, but the incidence of spontaneous
VSD closure is still uncertain. Since necropsy study of the hearts with
VSD has rarely been reported, information on morphological features
of spontaneous VSD closure remains limited. In addition, the mechanisms
for spontaneous VSD closure are not fully understood. Herein,
we present a brief review of the incidence of spontaneous VSD closure,
morphological characteristics of the closure, and the main mechanisms
responsible for the closure
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart malformation and can be detected during the prenatal and postnatalperiod, in childhood, and in adulthood. Spontaneous closure of VSDcan be determined through a variety of methods—echocardiography,Doppler color flow imaging, angiography, auscultation, and cardiac catheterization—and can be proven by pathological evidence at necropsy.There are two major types of VSD, membranous and muscular, aswell as the perimembranous variety, which comprises variable portions ofthe adjacent muscular septum but lacks the membranous septum. VSDappears either as an isolated cardiac defect without other abnormalitiesor with several complex malformations. It has long been recognizedthat VSD can close spontaneously, but the incidence of spontaneousVSD closure is still uncertain. Since necropsy study of the hearts withVSD has rarely been reported, information on morphological featuresof spontaneous VSD closure remains limited. In addition, the mechanismsfor spontaneous VSD closure are not fully understood. Herein,we present a brief review of the incidence of spontaneous VSD closure,morphological characteristics of the closure, and the main mechanismsresponsible for the closure
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