1) Direct translation
(a) Borrowing
Borrowing is the simplest and void of style method of translating
to overcome some metalinguistic problems. Borrowing is sought
as a resort when equivalent in TL seems difficult or inappropriate
for better translation. For example, if a translator is to translate
the word ‘basant’ into English which definitely has no one word
or exact equivalent in English, as a resort and inevitably, he has
to borrow the word ‘basant’ for communication of its cultural and
conventional meaning. The compound word ‘kite-flying’ or
‘kite-flying festival’ does not give intended conventional
meaning instead one tinge of its colours. Examples of borrowing
from the Qur’ān may include the Arabic lexical items/terms like
‘Subhaan’ (36:36) and ‘Aya’ (36:37). The word ‘Subhaan’ has
no equivalent in English. Similarly the term ‘Aya’ also has no
one word substitution. The phrases/clauses ‘Glory be to Him’,
‘Glory (proclaim/flawlessness)of Who (He)’, ‘Glory to Allah’,
‘limitless in His glory is He’, ‘Holy is He Who’, substitute for
the word ‘Subhaan’ but there is no one word equivalent denoting
all of its shades of meaning. There is also a problem of
connotative meaning of such words, e.g., in Bible the word
‘glory’ means worship, adoration and thanksgiving (Oxford
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary). Then the term ‘Aya’ has been
translated by different translators as ‘sign’, or ‘token’. Both
words having worldly attributes spoil the divinity of the Message
and do not give specifically intended meaning of Monotheism in
their contexts.
Translators’ interest in borrowing is developing in response to the
difficulties that crop up during the process of translation. Old
borrowings have become a part of the respective TL lexis. In
English such words as ‘carburetor’, ‘chic’, ‘rendezvous’ are no
48
longer considered to be borrowing. The entries of these words in
the ‘Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary’ show nothing about
their borrowing instead they have been treated equally to other
English lexis. Usually borrowing enters a language through
translation and interethnic communication, e.g., the word
‘glamour’ is borrowed from Scot. Moreover, borrowing of SL
lexical items now and again for introducing its colours of
meaning, is a matter of style and ultimately communication of the
intended message.
1) Direct translation
(a) Borrowing
Borrowing is the simplest and void of style method of translating
to overcome some metalinguistic problems. Borrowing is sought
as a resort when equivalent in TL seems difficult or inappropriate
for better translation. For example, if a translator is to translate
the word ‘basant’ into English which definitely has no one word
or exact equivalent in English, as a resort and inevitably, he has
to borrow the word ‘basant’ for communication of its cultural and
conventional meaning. The compound word ‘kite-flying’ or
‘kite-flying festival’ does not give intended conventional
meaning instead one tinge of its colours. Examples of borrowing
from the Qur’ān may include the Arabic lexical items/terms like
‘Subhaan’ (36:36) and ‘Aya’ (36:37). The word ‘Subhaan’ has
no equivalent in English. Similarly the term ‘Aya’ also has no
one word substitution. The phrases/clauses ‘Glory be to Him’,
‘Glory (proclaim/flawlessness)of Who (He)’, ‘Glory to Allah’,
‘limitless in His glory is He’, ‘Holy is He Who’, substitute for
the word ‘Subhaan’ but there is no one word equivalent denoting
all of its shades of meaning. There is also a problem of
connotative meaning of such words, e.g., in Bible the word
‘glory’ means worship, adoration and thanksgiving (Oxford
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary). Then the term ‘Aya’ has been
translated by different translators as ‘sign’, or ‘token’. Both
words having worldly attributes spoil the divinity of the Message
and do not give specifically intended meaning of Monotheism in
their contexts.
Translators’ interest in borrowing is developing in response to the
difficulties that crop up during the process of translation. Old
borrowings have become a part of the respective TL lexis. In
English such words as ‘carburetor’, ‘chic’, ‘rendezvous’ are no
48
longer considered to be borrowing. The entries of these words in
the ‘Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary’ show nothing about
their borrowing instead they have been treated equally to other
English lexis. Usually borrowing enters a language through
translation and interethnic communication, e.g., the word
‘glamour’ is borrowed from Scot. Moreover, borrowing of SL
lexical items now and again for introducing its colours of
meaning, is a matter of style and ultimately communication of the
intended message.
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