as well as the physical security of individuals.14 One
fundamental commonality among varied concepts
of human security was that individuals, as opposed
security.15 In the international community there have
been two different strains of thought regarding human
from fear’ and ‘freedom from want’, and focuses on the
wellbeing
of individuals and communities, including
poverty alleviation on one hand and peacebuilding
on
the United Nations Commission on Human Security,
expanded on these points when it was submitted
to the UN Secretary General in 2003, articulating a
commitment “to protect the vital core of all human
lives in ways that enhance human freedoms and human
47!&!!8(-$5W16
This report outlined three characteristics of
human security. First, the commission shifted a focus
of security from “the security of the state” to “the
security of people” in order to deal with increasingpostCold
War era. Second, they described “freedom
from fear” and “freedom from want” as interrelated
issues integrated into peacebuilding
and poverty
alleviation. Third, the report emphasized the necessity
of collaborative measures between “protection” (a
topdown
approach) and “empowerment” (a bottomup
approach). As von Feigenblatt points out, this
concept provided a holistic vision of security that was
similar to Galtung’s concept of “positive peace.”17 This
paradigm not only addresses general threats to human
existence but also ways to overcome them. The other
strain of thought concentrated on “freedom from