Biogas can be used as a natural gas substitute in households and
industry or be served as a renewable and sustainable energy source
for producing heat and power in internal combustion engines [1].
However, some impurities, e. g. hydrogen sulfide (H2S) must be
removed before utilization to guarantee better performance and
to avoid environmental pollution of toxic gas emissions during biogas
production, upgrading and utilization processes [2]. The content
of H2S in biogas spans from 10–30 to 500–2000 ppm, which
is typically limited to a few ppm in the natural gas grids to avoid
facility corrosion, unnecessary production of byproducts, and possible
public exposure and complaints [3,4]. Conventional H2S
removal methods include adsorption desulfurization, e. g. metal
oxides [5,6] and zeolite [7], biological desulfurization [8,9] and
chemical scrubbing [10]. Each method not only possesses its
advantages but also some disadvantages for H2S removal from biogas.
For example, biological desulfurization could efficiently
remove H2S, but was time-consuming and inefficient with high
H2S concentration compared to other methods [8]. Metal oxides
could adsorb H2S but with high temperature [11] and the regeneration
was difficult [5].
Biogas can be used as a natural gas substitute in households andindustry or be served as a renewable and sustainable energy sourcefor producing heat and power in internal combustion engines [1].However, some impurities, e. g. hydrogen sulfide (H2S) must beremoved before utilization to guarantee better performance andto avoid environmental pollution of toxic gas emissions during biogasproduction, upgrading and utilization processes [2]. The contentof H2S in biogas spans from 10–30 to 500–2000 ppm, whichis typically limited to a few ppm in the natural gas grids to avoidfacility corrosion, unnecessary production of byproducts, and possiblepublic exposure and complaints [3,4]. Conventional H2Sremoval methods include adsorption desulfurization, e. g. metaloxides [5,6] and zeolite [7], biological desulfurization [8,9] andchemical scrubbing [10]. Each method not only possesses itsadvantages but also some disadvantages for H2S removal from biogas.For example, biological desulfurization could efficientlyremove H2S, but was time-consuming and inefficient with highH2S concentration compared to other methods [8]. Metal oxidescould adsorb H2S but with high temperature [11] and the regenerationwas difficult [5].
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