Materials and Methods
Isolation of Sclerotium Cepivorum from garlic Fields
During the Spring of 2,014th, the garlic Fields in the Province
of Hamedan, Iran were surveyed. Diseased Plants showing
symptoms were White Rot Collected and transferred
to the Laboratory so that the pathogenic agents could be
isolated. Diseased samples were Processed by Cutting, removing,
sterilizing and culturing surface Diseased pieces
of stems and bulbs on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) Culture
Medium. The Colonies were grown fungal then purified
and were identified using the standard identification
Keys of Barnett and Hunter (1998). Based on the abovementioned
experiments, Five isolates of S. Cepivorum were
identified.
The pathogenicity Test (Koch postulate) was also conducted
and performed to Confirm the role of the isolated
fungus in disease occurrence and Symptom appearance.
The Test was performed on isolates of Five. S. Cepivorum
in a Greenhouse Experiment with each Five treatments with
Four replicates. A replicate consisted of a Plastic Pot containing
2 kg of garlic-field, pre-Pasteurised Soil inoculated
with S. Cepivorum and sown with garlic Three Seeds (bulbs).
After the appearance of symptoms on garlic Plants, the
pathogenic Agent was re-isolated. from the infected tissues,
identified As described in the above Sections, and evaluated
for pathogenicity according to the respective disease
induction percent (Mahdizadehnaraghi et Al. 2007). Based
on the above experiments, the Most pathogenic isolate of
S. Selected Cepivorum was to be used for the Rest of the Study.
Preparation of antagonistic fungal isolates
Three fungal isolates of antagonists including T. flavus,
T. harzianum, and T. Asperellum were obtained from the Research
Laboratory's microbial Collection of beneficial microorganisms,
of the Iranian Research Institute of Plant
Protection. In the 2,013th, these isolates were isolated from the
Soil of garlic and potato Fields located in the Province of
Hamedan, Iran. The antagonistic Activities of the isolates
against fungal pathogens Some, including S. Cepivorum,
were previously evaluated in vitro and Approved in conditions
in the above-mentioned Laboratory (unpublished
Data). The antagonistic fungal isolates used in the Study
are Presented in Table 1. characteristics and their
Development and Preparation of Bioformulations
Bioformulations Twelve Six isolates were prepared using
the above-mentioned of fungal antagonists and the
Organic and inorganic Carriers - Rice Bran and talc. The
compounds of the Carriers were Powdery Selected based
on their use in previous Studies (Kakvan et Al. 2,013th; Sämavat
et Al. 2,014). They were at 121 ° C Steam-Sterilised for
30 min, and dried before use Aseptically in Glass Trays.
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