Step 2: Detailed evaluations and measurements of the four key factors; analysis of material mass and water mass balances. Step 3: Conclusions of the measurements; selection of appropriate approaches for prevention and minimization of waste generation. Step 4: Design and implementation of potential clean technology options to the tapioca starch plants; evaluation of the implementation results in terms of resource reductions and cost savings. Measurements of the four key factors determining the production efficiency were conducted for 24 h. Water consumption was recorded from plant water meters, while electricity consumption was recorded by a power meter. Fuel oil consumption and starch losses were obtained from the plant information. Note that waste water generation was measured by the investigators.