Patients were included if they had been diagnosed with myocardial infarction or angina pectoris (ICD9: 410–413) by a cardiologist (based on patients’ medical history and investigations of electrocardiograph, serum enzyme, and/or coronary angiography) for at least three months, or they had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for at least three months; were medically stable; were sedentary (according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [22], individuals with no or irregular physical activity were defined as having a sedentary lifestyle, and thus patients at the precontemplation, contemplation and preparation stages were included); aged 18 years or older; were able to communicate and read in Mandarin; and were available for receiving intervention and follow-up