Labour cost policies/flexibility
Reduction in workforce 23.6 23.3
Employees transferring to self-employed 8.3 5.8
On-site contracted labour 47.4 29.7
Outsourcing to replace employees 23.5 15.9
Reduction in management grades 9.9 5.3
Reduction in proportion of managers 12.6 8.3
High-performance work systems
Briefing groups 88.2 81.1
Works council or staff committee 48.7 25.6
Suggestion scheme 58.5 51.9
Increase in formal teams 25.8 19.3
Work improvement groups 52.7 38.3
Teams without supervisors 38.7 39.7
Increased task variety 48.0 38.4
Increased training for job cover 48.9 45.1
ICT much used in training 17.0 14.6
Career ladders 65.4 52.1
Pay for group performance 19.2 18.2
Appraisal-based pay 40.3 38.6
Employee welfare
Occupational pension 67.6 50.8
Sick pay beyond statutory minimum 68.4 53.8
Subsidised meals 31.4 19.3
Subsidised transport to work 10.5 8.0
Subsidised health insurance scheme 18.5 13.6
Subsidised loans for home purchase 5.5 3.6
Flexitime hours (mgr./prof.) 14.6 13.2
Flexitime hours (others) 13.6 11.6
Maternity pay beyond statutory minimum 54.6 39.5
Assistance with childcare costs 12.9 8.3
Career break scheme 38.0 25.2
Term-time working 35.0 22.0
Parental leave beyond statutory minimum 39.2 28.6