UCAD is still associated with high mortality and morbidity despite considerable progress in therapy [13]. The combined use of anticoagulants, e.g., UFH, LMWH, direct thrombin inhibitors, antiplatelet agents, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and undertaking an invasive strategy in patients with of UCAD, reduce ischaemic events, but at the same time, they may increase the risk of bleeding [14].Unfractionated heparin has poor bioavailability and marked variability in anticoagulant response and it requires monitoring [15]. Because of these disadvantages, LMWHs (Enoxaparin, Dalteparin) which are obtained by chemical or enzymatic depolymerization of UFH have been introduced, they have better pharmacological properties, which are more predictable, have sustained anticoagulation with one or two dosage and they do not require laboratory monitoring. Fondaparinux is a selective factor Xa inhibitor [16].In the current study, safety and efficacy of EX and FD in unstable coronary artery disease were studied. Recurrent myocardial infarction/angina episodes were recorded in 6.6% of the patients in EX group and in 4.4% patients in FD group at day 9 and in 4.4% cases in EX group and in 3.3% cases in FD group at 30 days. Similar results were observed in OASIS-6 trial, wherein FD showed a significant reduction in overall recurrences of MI and stroke. The reduction of death alone was 17% at 1 month (p=0.02) and it was 11% at 6 month (p=0.05).Moreover, the risk of stroke at 6 months was significantly (p=0.04) lower in the FD group (127/10,057, 1.3%) than in the EX group (161/10, 021, 1.7%) [17]. FD, in acute coronary artery disease, in doses of 2.5 mg/day, has been found to be non inferior to EX in reducing death and ischaemic events at day 9 [18].The results of the present study on clinical recovery revealed 90% and 94.4% cases at day 9 and 84.4% and 96.7% cases at day 30 in EX and FD groups, respectively. These observations were in agreement with the findings of studies where FD was found to be comparable to EX in efficacy and ischaemic events, while studying patients with non-ST-elevation MI and unstable angina, as well as, those who were undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions [19,20].
Similarly, a recent trial suggested that a lower intensity of anticoagulation (FD 2.5 mg/day as compared to EX 1 mg/kg bodyweight, twice daily) may be sufficient to prevent recurrent ischaemic events and death in patients with ACS, who were concurrently being treated with aspirin [21].
FD has been found to be better in reducing long-term mortality than EX [12,17]. However, in the current study, long-term mortality was not observed, as the study was only of 30 days duration.
Haemorrhage reduced in FD group in the current study, with significant reduction at 30th day (p<0.05) as compared to that in EX group. In OASIS-5 trial, major bleeding significantly reduced on day 9 with FD as compared to EX (2.4% vs 5.1%). Major bleeding was reduced with FD within hours after administration of first dose of study drug. While on day 30, FD was again found to be significantly superior to EX [12].
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