This study investigates whether capital structure affects the performance of non-financial firms listed on the KSE Pakistan during 2004-2009. Three panel econometric techniques, namely pooled ordinary least squares, fixed effects and random effects, were used to estimate the relationship between capital structure and firm performance. Empirical results indicate that all measures of capital structure (i.e. total debt ratio, long and short-term debt ratio) are negatively related to return on assets in all regressions. Moreover, total debt ratio and long-term debt ratio are negatively related to market-to-book ratio under the pooled OLS model, whereas these measures are positively related to market-to-book ratio under the fixed effects model. Short-term debt ratio is positively related to market-to-book ratio in all regressions,
however, the relationship is found insignificant. As far as control variables are
concerned, asset tangibility is negatively, whereas firm size and growth are positively
related to corporate performance