Basis of consolidation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Company. Control exists when the Company has the power, directly or
indirectly, to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.
The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements of the Group from
the date that control commences until the date that control ceases.
All inter-company transactions are eliminated on consolidation and revenue and profits relate to external
transactions only. Unrealised losses resulting from intercompany transactions are also eliminated unless cost
cannot be recovered.
Business combinations
A business combination is a transaction or other event in which an acquirer obtains control of one or more
businesses. Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The identifiable assets
acquired and liabilities assumed are measured at their fair values at the acquisition date. The cost of an acquisition
is measured as the aggregate of the fair value of the consideration transferred and the amount of any noncontrolling
interests in the acquiree. Non-controlling interests are stated either at fair value or at the proportionate
share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets at the acquisition date