4) The Award for service innovation.
The criteria for assessing service quality focus on both quantitative and
qualitative dimensions. Quantitative criteria focus on percentages of citizens satisfied
with a service, convenience for citizens getting a service, shortening of waiting times
for service delivery, and numbers of public service users within a service unit per day.
Qualitative criteria center on streamlining of service providing processes and their
usage time, service facilitations, citizen-focused services, and promoting officers’
comprehensive knowledge related to their jobs. Since the Award was introduced in
2003, these have been continuously implemented in the Thai public sector until the
present. Some evaluation criteria might be modified according to changing
circumstances. From the beginning of the Award until the present, the number of
services voluntarily put forward for it have increased continuously. (Office of the
Public Sector Developement Commission, 2007b: 4-15)
Furthermore, since B.E. 2546 (2003) OPDC have considered strategies and
guidelines to develop adherence by public officials to a core set of values, grouped
under the acronym “I AM READY” – Integrity, Activeness, Morality, Relevancy,
Efficiency, Accountability, Democracy, and Yield, with the aim to facilitate change in
cultural norms, values, and attitudes of public officials to bring about more effective
performance in the public sector, improvement of work methods, a focus on honesty,
diligence, patience, responsibility, and determination to achieve desired results
(Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, 2003: 117). In addition, the
change in cultural norms, values, and attitudes of public officials, and the change
management developments for public sector administrators have been considered as
well. Public sector administrators have also been trained to be change leaders, able to
effectively manage change, and to create change management innovation in their
organizations. The “Blue Print for Change” has been formed as a guide for change
management in government authorities. Efficiency improvement, quality development,
and strengthening government officials’ competencies were proposals of the Blue
print for Change.
Under the principles and intentions of The Royal Decree on Criteria and
Procedures for Good Governance B.E. 2546 (2003) to create responsive public
administration with citizens at the center of government activities, the OPDC published the New Public Management Techniques and Methods Handbook: Citizencentered
Approach to Public Administration in B.E. 2549 (2006), which has been used
as an operational handbook for responding to and satisfying the needs and wants of
citizens. This handbook proposes a paradigm shift in public service. Traditional
public services that prioritize the input permeated with rules and regulations in order
to guarantee the legitimacy, accuracy, and equitability of public services have been
transformed to objective achievement, output, outcome, and value for money of
public services, including service quality and customer satisfaction. The handbook
describes five procedures of Citizen-centered public service which are customer and
stakeholder identification, public service identification, customers’ or stakeholders’ needs
and wants surveys, administrative resource identification, and public service quality
improvement. (Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, 2006c)
Furthermore, along with the Thai Public Sector Development Strategy
B.E. 2546-2550 (2003-2007), it requires all government agencies to transform their
working processes and procedures. The OPDC with the cooperation of the Thailand
Productivity Institute has designed and implemented the Public Sector Management
Quality Award (PMQA) – based on the Malcolm Baldridge National Award. The
three objectives of PMQA are to enhance the working ability of government agencies
in line with the Royal Decree on Criteria and Procedures for Good Governance
B.E. 2546 (2003), to enhance working abilities corresponding with international working
quality standards, and create a framework for evaluating and following up the quality
of public administration and administrative performance of government agencies.
(Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, 2006a: 3-6)
PMQA itself is based upon a rigorous set of criteria, the so called “Criteria for
Performance Excellence”, which consist of seven categories. One of those categories
that directly relates to this area of study is “Category 3 – Customer and Market
Focus” which examines how an organization determines requirements, expectations,
and preferences of customers and markets, and how the organization builds
relationships with customers and determines the key factors that lead to customer
acquisition, satisfaction, loyalty and retention, and to business expansion. (Evans,
2005: 63-65)
In conclusion, from the past until the present the Thai public sector has made
efforts to reform the bureaucratic system, by many means, in different periods of time,
and in diverse situations. The reform in the past aimed to rule, control, and maintain
the ruler’s power rather than to provide citizens fundamental public services. The
basic format of the Thai political system, its form of government, and public
administration system was originally copied from that of India which was long
established, and also influenced the normal life of Thais and society. The status of
people depended on their class which is an example of feudalism in Thai society. The
implementation of centralization has harmonized with Thais’ way of life and society.
This can be seen today in Thai society, especially in rural areas of the country.
Throughout the past the Thai bureaucratic system and public administration,
bureaucratic culture and top-down courses of action have been widely accepted by
civil officers. Public services have been provided by the government’s needs, not by
citizens’.
During the past couple decades, the Thai bureaucratic paradigm has been
changed by the influence of good governance, NPM, and the utilization of private
sector management tools. Public services have been provided not only for
government’s necessities but also citizens’ wants and needs. Public service users are
customers and citizens of the state rather than clients or constituents who always need
government support. Citizen-centered government has been the new paradigm of
government officials and public administration, instead of the traditional bureaucratic
system.
However, the performance of the public sector has not been widely studied.
The application of NPM and Marketing in the Thai bureaucratic system has not led to
sufficient responsiveness to citizens’ requirements. There are not many systematic or
academic studies on theories and practices relating to NPM and Marketing. This study
attempts to fill this gap.
4) The Award for service innovation.
The criteria for assessing service quality focus on both quantitative and
qualitative dimensions. Quantitative criteria focus on percentages of citizens satisfied
with a service, convenience for citizens getting a service, shortening of waiting times
for service delivery, and numbers of public service users within a service unit per day.
Qualitative criteria center on streamlining of service providing processes and their
usage time, service facilitations, citizen-focused services, and promoting officers’
comprehensive knowledge related to their jobs. Since the Award was introduced in
2003, these have been continuously implemented in the Thai public sector until the
present. Some evaluation criteria might be modified according to changing
circumstances. From the beginning of the Award until the present, the number of
services voluntarily put forward for it have increased continuously. (Office of the
Public Sector Developement Commission, 2007b: 4-15)
Furthermore, since B.E. 2546 (2003) OPDC have considered strategies and
guidelines to develop adherence by public officials to a core set of values, grouped
under the acronym “I AM READY” – Integrity, Activeness, Morality, Relevancy,
Efficiency, Accountability, Democracy, and Yield, with the aim to facilitate change in
cultural norms, values, and attitudes of public officials to bring about more effective
performance in the public sector, improvement of work methods, a focus on honesty,
diligence, patience, responsibility, and determination to achieve desired results
(Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, 2003: 117). In addition, the
change in cultural norms, values, and attitudes of public officials, and the change
management developments for public sector administrators have been considered as
well. Public sector administrators have also been trained to be change leaders, able to
effectively manage change, and to create change management innovation in their
organizations. The “Blue Print for Change” has been formed as a guide for change
management in government authorities. Efficiency improvement, quality development,
and strengthening government officials’ competencies were proposals of the Blue
print for Change.
Under the principles and intentions of The Royal Decree on Criteria and
Procedures for Good Governance B.E. 2546 (2003) to create responsive public
administration with citizens at the center of government activities, the OPDC published the New Public Management Techniques and Methods Handbook: Citizencentered
Approach to Public Administration in B.E. 2549 (2006), which has been used
as an operational handbook for responding to and satisfying the needs and wants of
citizens. This handbook proposes a paradigm shift in public service. Traditional
public services that prioritize the input permeated with rules and regulations in order
to guarantee the legitimacy, accuracy, and equitability of public services have been
transformed to objective achievement, output, outcome, and value for money of
public services, including service quality and customer satisfaction. The handbook
describes five procedures of Citizen-centered public service which are customer and
stakeholder identification, public service identification, customers’ or stakeholders’ needs
and wants surveys, administrative resource identification, and public service quality
improvement. (Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, 2006c)
Furthermore, along with the Thai Public Sector Development Strategy
B.E. 2546-2550 (2003-2007), it requires all government agencies to transform their
working processes and procedures. The OPDC with the cooperation of the Thailand
Productivity Institute has designed and implemented the Public Sector Management
Quality Award (PMQA) – based on the Malcolm Baldridge National Award. The
three objectives of PMQA are to enhance the working ability of government agencies
in line with the Royal Decree on Criteria and Procedures for Good Governance
B.E. 2546 (2003), to enhance working abilities corresponding with international working
quality standards, and create a framework for evaluating and following up the quality
of public administration and administrative performance of government agencies.
(Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, 2006a: 3-6)
PMQA itself is based upon a rigorous set of criteria, the so called “Criteria for
Performance Excellence”, which consist of seven categories. One of those categories
that directly relates to this area of study is “Category 3 – Customer and Market
Focus” which examines how an organization determines requirements, expectations,
and preferences of customers and markets, and how the organization builds
relationships with customers and determines the key factors that lead to customer
acquisition, satisfaction, loyalty and retention, and to business expansion. (Evans,
2005: 63-65)
In conclusion, from the past until the present the Thai public sector has made
efforts to reform the bureaucratic system, by many means, in different periods of time,
and in diverse situations. The reform in the past aimed to rule, control, and maintain
the ruler’s power rather than to provide citizens fundamental public services. The
basic format of the Thai political system, its form of government, and public
administration system was originally copied from that of India which was long
established, and also influenced the normal life of Thais and society. The status of
people depended on their class which is an example of feudalism in Thai society. The
implementation of centralization has harmonized with Thais’ way of life and society.
This can be seen today in Thai society, especially in rural areas of the country.
Throughout the past the Thai bureaucratic system and public administration,
bureaucratic culture and top-down courses of action have been widely accepted by
civil officers. Public services have been provided by the government’s needs, not by
citizens’.
During the past couple decades, the Thai bureaucratic paradigm has been
changed by the influence of good governance, NPM, and the utilization of private
sector management tools. Public services have been provided not only for
government’s necessities but also citizens’ wants and needs. Public service users are
customers and citizens of the state rather than clients or constituents who always need
government support. Citizen-centered government has been the new paradigm of
government officials and public administration, instead of the traditional bureaucratic
system.
However, the performance of the public sector has not been widely studied.
The application of NPM and Marketing in the Thai bureaucratic system has not led to
sufficient responsiveness to citizens’ requirements. There are not many systematic or
academic studies on theories and practices relating to NPM and Marketing. This study
attempts to fill this gap.
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