● deference to authority● comfortable with minimal amount of rules and procedures● flexibility yet a preference to work according to the rules● well educated, skilled and, in certain circumstances, adaptable work forces● compliance with legislation● short-term perspective: low expenditure on training and low employee productivity rates compared to many leading economies some evidence of discrimination among employees and job applicants on the ground of age, gender or ethnicity, ‘glass ceiling’● formal in communication and interpersonal relationships at work