In contrast, the denatured Chg L consisted of a 44 kDa peptide under nonreducing conditions (or 51 kDa in reducing conditions), suggesting that it exists as a monomer in the serum. These structural properties of the Chgs found in red lip mullet resembled those typically found for teleost Chgs (Shimizu et al., 1998; Fujita et al., 2002)