Results
The 70 studies analyzed here were distributed across 62 locations in 14 countries (Supporting information S4). Riverine wetlands were the best-represented ecosystem type (38% of studies), followed by lacustrine wetlands (27%), and finally estuarine (18%) and palustrine wetlands (17%). Nearly all studies (68) were field-based comparisons, including three passive restoration studies (4%). The remaining two studies (3%) involved one field and one greenhouse experiment.
Biodiversity recovery
Restoring degraded wetlands enhanced biodiversity by 19% (Fig. 1a); and biodiversity in restored wetlands did not significantly differ from that in natural wetlands (Fig. 1b). Restoration significantly enhanced the diversity of vertebrates (+53%), vascular plants (+45%), and terrestrial (+17%) and aquatic (+15%) invertebrates, but it had no significant effect on macroinvertebrate diversity. Restored and natural wetlands showed similar diversity of vascular plants, aquatic invertebrates, macro-invertebrates and protists. In contrast, these two types of wetlands differed significantly in the diversity of non-native vascular plants, which was 44% lower in restored wetlands, and in vertebrate diversity, which was 37% higher in restored wetlands.
Results
The 70 studies analyzed here were distributed across 62 locations in 14 countries (Supporting information S4). Riverine wetlands were the best-represented ecosystem type (38% of studies), followed by lacustrine wetlands (27%), and finally estuarine (18%) and palustrine wetlands (17%). Nearly all studies (68) were field-based comparisons, including three passive restoration studies (4%). The remaining two studies (3%) involved one field and one greenhouse experiment.
Biodiversity recovery
Restoring degraded wetlands enhanced biodiversity by 19% (Fig. 1a); and biodiversity in restored wetlands did not significantly differ from that in natural wetlands (Fig. 1b). Restoration significantly enhanced the diversity of vertebrates (+53%), vascular plants (+45%), and terrestrial (+17%) and aquatic (+15%) invertebrates, but it had no significant effect on macroinvertebrate diversity. Restored and natural wetlands showed similar diversity of vascular plants, aquatic invertebrates, macro-invertebrates and protists. In contrast, these two types of wetlands differed significantly in the diversity of non-native vascular plants, which was 44% lower in restored wetlands, and in vertebrate diversity, which was 37% higher in restored wetlands.
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