Jack Ruitenbeek and Cynthia Cartier (2001) have suggested that “adaptive co-management” of forest resources may frequently emerge naturally. The defining attributes of adaptive co-management are: (1) shared rights and responsibilities for the stakeholders and (2) learning of the stakeholders through actions and modifications of these actions over time. Adaptive co-management is a long-term management structure where stakeholders share management responsibility within a specific system of natural resources and learn from their actions to adapt and modify the rules of their participation