Respiratory hazards. Welding comes with multiple respiratory hazards. The metal being welded, the filler material being used, and any substances on the surface of the object being welded (such as paint) can be vaporized, creating toxic smoke and fumes. The inert gas used to shield the arc can accumulate in the work area, displacing oxygen. The process can also generate carbon monoxide gas at potentially toxic levels.
Eye and skin burns. The bright, hot arc that melts the metal wire is dangerous to look at directly, capable of causing burns to the cornea (the outer membrane of the eye). This hazard affects welders and anyone in the area who can see the weld zone.
The ultraviolet light generated by the arc can cause sunburn. Drops of melted metal splashed and sprayed from the weld zone can burn exposed skin, and the workpiece itself will be hot to the touch for some time after the weld is completed.
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Ergonomic hazards. Welders often position their torch and workpiece with their helmets raised and then jerk their heads to snap the helmet closed as they light the torch.
Repeated frequently over a long period of time, this motion can lead to repetitive motion injuries in welders.
In addition, workpieces that are not optimally positioned or job tasks that require welders to contort their bodies can contribute to ergonomic injuries.
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